I have compiled information from my victimization college class and the most popular Web sites, such as Recovery man about domestic abuse. I have seen and heard time over and again about men and women who are in different types of abusive relationships.
Women's Web writes on their Web site that it is common to hear "Why do women stay in abusive relationships?" or "Why don't they leave?" These types of questions, although common, have a tendency—whether unintentional or not—to blame victims and to suggest they enjoy or thrive on being abused. If they did not enjoy being ill-treated, they would leave, right? Obviously, if they choose to stay, they must have low self-esteem, right?
No. These attitudes are common myths about victims of domestic violence. The fact is that reasons for staying are far more complex than a blanket statement about a victim's character or strength of will. In some cases, women may seem to "want" to be beaten.
For those who come from dysfunctional families—families in which they were routinely beaten and emotionally abused as children—they know no other patterns of behavior and have learned to expect frequent incidents of violence. For such women, the anxiety of waiting for the next outburst of violence is often more stressful and agonizing than the violence itself. They hate not knowing when they will next be hit, kicked, punched, burned, bitten, or stabbed, and they would rather "get it over with" than not know when they will next be abused.
Often, it is dangerous for a woman to leave an abusive relationship. If her abuser is economically abusive (see The Types of Abuse) and withholds all family money from her, leaving can lead to additional hardships. Leaving could mean living in fear of being stalked, fear of losing custody of any minor children (parental abduction is common), losing financial support, and experiencing harassment at work.
Do not underestimate the effects of domestic violence on its victims. Abused women experience isolation, shame, embarrassment, and humiliation. Women may not immediately leave an abusive relationship because:
- They fear their abusers will become more violent—perhaps fatal—stalking them if they leave.
- Friends and family may not support their decision to leave.
- They fear being a single parent with little money.
- There are periods of calm; nurturing and love between incidents of violence (see The Cycle of Abuse).
- They may be unaware of sources of advocacy and support.
- They may be unaware of shelters and other resources that offer safety and support.
The reasons women stay in abusive relationships typically fall into three categories.Lack of resources
- Most abused women have at least one minor child.
- Many abused women are not employed outside the home.
- Many abused women do not have property that is solely theirs.
- In many cases, abusers have cut off access to cash or bank accounts.
- Most abused women fear losing joint assets and custody of their children.
- Abused women fear a lower standard of living for themselves and their children.
- Often, clergy and social workers are trained to "save the family" rather than to stop violence.
- Police often treat incidents of domestic violence as mere "disputes" rather than as serious crimes in which one person is physically assaulting another.
- Police may try to discourage women from pressing criminal charges.
- Attorneys are often reluctant to prosecute cases. Justices rarely assign the maximum sentence or fine possible.
- Restraining orders and peace bonds (see Stalking) do little to prevent abusers from repeating their violent patterns of behavior. Sadly, there are too few shelters to keep women safe.
Traditional thinking
- Many women do not view divorce as a viable alternative.
- Many abused women do not accept the notion of single parenting. They believe a bad father (or in the case of a lesbian relationship, a bad partner) is better than none at all.
- Many women are conditioned to believe they are responsible for making their marriage or relationship work; that if the relationship fails, they have failed as women. Society has often taught these women that their worth is measured by their ability to get and keep a man.
- Many abused women feel isolated from their families and from society. Either isolation is the result of the abuser's possessiveness or jealousy, or it may be an attempt on the part of the victim to hide signs of abuse from the outside world. Either way, such isolation leads many victims to feel they have nowhere to turn.
- Many victims externalize or rationalize the reasons for their abuser's behavior, casting blame of circumstances such as stress, financial hardship, job stress, chemical dependency, etc.
- Between violent episodes, there are periods of calm during which the abuser is charming, nurturing, and caring. Those traits, which initially attracted him/her to his /her victim, resurface and the victim sees her abuser as a loving person, thereby reinforcing her decision to stay. (See The Cycle of Abuse.)
Leaving an Abusive RelationshipThe safest way to find information on the Internet would be at a local library or a friend's house. Call 1-800-799-SAFE (7233), TDD 1-800-787-3224. The DOJ Office of Crime Victim Services has many links to help domestic victims.
The process of leaving an abusive relationship is difficult and dangerous. Safety is the primary concern. Even if you do not think your partner poses a risk, leaving often triggers an increase in violence. It is best to prepare as much as you can ahead of time.
Ask a friend or family member to keep items you gather to take with you. Make sure the person you choose will not tell your abuser about your plans to leave. Do not take anything the abuser will notice as missing.
Things to Stash Away:
· Money
· Contact information for a local domestic violence shelter
· Prescribed medications
· Legal documents for you and your children (e.g. birth certificates, social security cards)
· Photographs or written evidence of the abuse
· Financial records and account numbers
· Personal belongings possessing sentimental value
· Clothing and personal needs
Things to Arrange:
· A plan that safely removes yourself and you children from the home
· Transportation for yourself, children and belongings
· A safe place to stay
· How to manage being gone from home for an extended time
· Referral to a lawyer or legal advocate to obtain a personal protection order, temporary child custody order, etc.
· Contact information for any support resources you will be using:
---Crisis line numbers
---Abuse support groups
---Domestic violence shelter
· Undestroyed personal belongings with sentimental value. These should be heavily prioritized with an eye toward safety and ease of movement -- Grandpa's wedding ring will be easier to take than his big brass bed, and taking the kids school pictures that are boxed up ahead of time will be easier than taking the ones that are on the wall [which might be grabbed in the process of leaving in a hurry].
Line up a place to stay that will have enough security that you will be safe. Again, err a little on the side of paranoia here -- if you do not think your abuser is going to be dangerous, keep in mind that even abusers who have never used physical abuse tactics have killed their partners when they left. It is better to be a little more secure than you need to be than to die because you underestimated your danger. You may even need to leave the area to get the amount of security you need -- whatever it is, have as much lined up ahead of time as you can, including transportation for you and whatever else you are going to be taking.
Be prepared to stay gone for an extended amount of time. Perhaps indefinitely. Your abuser is not going to change in a matter of a month or two. You will need to have a new place to live lined up quickly because any emergency shelter you find will be temporary in nature - a matter of a week or two.
Be prepared for your abuser to sabotage your efforts to leave. The abuser might tamper with your car. Your abuser may take time off work to stay around the house to make sure you do not leave. The abuse may escalate, or you may begin a whole new Honeymoon or Reconciliation Phase.
Be careful about who you notify about your plans to leave. Some friends or family members, with the best of intentions, may tell your abuser of your plans to leave, or otherwise leak the information in a way which could put you in a great deal of jeopardy.
Be tolerant of those who counsel you to "give it one more chance" or to "try to make it work out." They mean well but have no idea of how much effort you have put into this already and how much danger you face. If it helps, hear these words, as "We don't want you to make the decision to leave lightly because we know it will have serious impacts on the rest of your life." Some folks, including members of your family, may go beyond this and actively oppose you leaving. Perhaps this is because they feel that it will reflect badly on them to have this "failure" in their family -- it is hard to say. You may be able to identify the sources of this opposition and the form that opposition may take, and consider this in preparing your safety plan. Then again, you might not be. So be prepared to be surprised -- it is much better to be pleasantly surprised that to be unpleasantly when opposition comes from an unexpected source.
Ask for referrals to attorneys with experience in helping abuse victims.
Adequate legal representation can help make certain that all appropriate criminal and civil legal steps are taken to protect you. Understand the limitations and uses of a protective order or no contact order. Although they cannot stop a bullet (unless they are printed on Kevlar), legal orders can be useful as a part of your total safety plan.
For those of you who had the courage to prosecute your abuser--there is VINELink. Click on your State link for resources and help.
VINELink is the online version of VINE (Victim Information and Notification Everyday), the National Victim Notification Network. This service allows crime victims to obtain timely and reliable information about criminal cases and the custody status of offenders 24 hours a day. Victims and other concerned citizens can also register to be notified by phone, email or TTY device when an offender's custody status changes. Users can also register through their participating state or county toll-free number.
Please consider leaving a note. It does not have to be much -- just a short note explaining that you are leaving, that you are safe, that you do not want your abuser to try to find you or to bother your family or friends, and that you will be in touch as soon as you feel safe to do so. Alternatively, any of part of that that you feel comfortable with -- certainly be cautious about providing any information that might in any way compromise your security. This little thing can save a lot of heartache in your abuser if he or she has any legitimate concern for you and your welfare -- if you feel like showing your abuser a bit of compassion, this will be more than adequate.
Understand that leaving will not solve all your problems. The damage that has been done and you are not going to heal from it without considerable time and effort. No, this is not fair, but it is real. Enjoy your sense of freedom and safety, but remember that there is a lot of work and tough time in front of you. When those bad times come, you may be tempted to give up or look for an easy way out instead of sticking to your guns. Be prepared for your discouragement and you are less likely to be blown away by it. As the 12 Step folks say, the only way out is through.
Step up your use of whatever therapy and support groups are available after you leave. Be sensitive to any tendencies in yourself to overlook potential dangers should you return, any feelings that your abuser has changed (with less than six months weekly treatment and a commitment to lifetime support and accountability), any feelings that this was all your fault, any feelings that you are worthless, or any feelings that you are harming your children by breaking up their family -- these are very common feelings and fears that people use to justify to themselves (and others) their giving up on the healing and recovering process in favor of returning to the comfort of the abuse cycle they've grown accustomed to.
As much as possible, focus on what you see and think rather than what you feel. Your feelings can be expected to swing wildly, and are not going to be reliable guides in every instance. It is very common after leaving an abusive situation for feelings of love for your abuser and mourning of your relationship to make going back into that situation seem very attractive or even necessary. One of the most important things you can do is to be honest with yourself and look at the hard cold reality of where you are and work with what is, rather than what might be. Comforting lies and denial will find you back with your abuser and under the gun again if you entertain them, and that is not going to feel any better in the end.
Be prepared for your abuser to experience a "miraculous recovery.” You may see tears. You may get presents. You may get wonderful sounding apologies -- perhaps publicly and embarrassingly. You may hear all the things you have said you wanted but never heard before. This is all very interesting, and may be heart-felt and sincere. However, none of this matters if your abuser is not progressing in an active treatment environment for at least a year. This may be Honeymoon Phase, or it may be reality. Until you see real accountability for the past and ongoing accountability for the mistakes along the way, you will have no way of knowing which it is.
Give yourself some time before you consider starting a relationship with someone else. A year or two is not a long time to wait. People, like water, seek their own level, and the sort of person you will attract and be attracted to early in your recovery is not the sort of person you will be attracted to (or even interested in) after a couple of years of healing. There is also a danger of trying to anesthetize the pain you will experience with the strong feelings that come from romance and sex, in much the same way people anesthetize their pain with drugs like alcohol. Be patient with yourself, and be strong.
FACTS—If you have children, they, of course, will have issues to deal with because of this. Parenting is a completely new set of issues you will need to take into account in the midst of your healing process.
1] On average, an abuse victim will leave his or her abuser seven times before staying gone. This is due in part to a lack of preparation, be it physical, financial or mental. This going and coming process can be quite grueling and dangerous -- remember that the most dangerous point in an abusive relationship is the time during and immediately after leaving.
2] Leaving your abuser does not mean giving up on your marriage or never giving your abuser a chance to change and put the relationship back together.
3] Leaving can be the very thing that gives you a chance to put your relationship together. However, the longer you wait to leave -- the more abuse you put up with before leaving -- the less chance there is that you will be able to put your relationship back together even if your abuser does change. Abusers can change, but most do not change fundamentally to become abuse-free, they just change tactics to continue getting what they want.